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Despite India being the largest producer and consumer of milk in the world, Indians continue to struggle with weak bones, vitamin D deficiency, and osteoporosis.
India faces a bone health crisis despite high milk consumption.
India is one of the largest producers and consumers of milk in the world – a nation that has long regarded it as the ultimate source of strength and vitality. Yet, paradoxically, millions of Indians continue to struggle with weak bones, vitamin D deficiency, and conditions such as osteoporosis and osteopenia. The contradiction, dubbed ‘India’s Milk Paradox,’ points to deeper nutritional and lifestyle imbalances that can’t be solved by calcium alone.
The Sunshine Gap
“Even with abundant sunlight, studies show a very high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in India, sometimes as high as 70 to 90 per cent. Vitamin D is essential because it allows the body to absorb calcium effectively. Without it, the calcium from milk or other foods is poorly utilized,” explains Suparna Mukherjee, In-Charge, Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Narayana Health City, Bengaluru.
Mukherjee highlights that limited outdoor activity and urban living have created a sunshine paradox of their own. With long hours spent indoors and little exposure to natural sunlight, the body’s ability to produce Vitamin D has sharply declined. “Bone health is not about one nutrient. It’s about the interplay between calcium, Vitamin D, and other micronutrients like magnesium, phosphorus, and Vitamin K – all supported by a physically active lifestyle,” she notes.
The Lifestyle Disconnect
“India is moving toward a silent epidemic of bone health issues such as osteoporosis, arthritis, and spondylitis – largely driven by sedentary lifestyles, poor diet, and lack of awareness,” says Dr. Naushad Ali Rana, General Manager, Hamdard Wellness, Hamdard Laboratories, India.
He emphasises that movement is the first step toward stronger bones. “Regular physical activity enhances calcium absorption and keeps the musculoskeletal system active. Equally important is sunlight exposure, which naturally boosts Vitamin D levels.” He recommends a balanced diet rich in bone-friendly foods such as milk, dried figs, dates, sesame seeds, and nuts, alongside herbal supplements like ashwagandha and sahjan (drumstick) for added support.
Drawing from Unani principles, Dr. Rana also stresses the importance of gut health. “Even the best diet cannot help if nutrient absorption is compromised,” he says, adding that herbs like suranjan, chobchini, and hadjod help reduce inflammation and restore internal balance.
Modern Lifestyles, Modern Deficiencies
Sohom Singha Roy, Lead Dietitian at Redcliffe Labs, calls this contradiction a reflection of how changing patterns of lifestyle and nutrition have disrupted the body’s natural equilibrium. He adds, “Milk provides calcium and protein, both vital for bone health, but without sufficient Vitamin D and physical activity, the body simply cannot absorb or utilize these nutrients effectively.”
He highlights that rising urbanisation, air pollution, and high-rise living have further limited sun exposure, worsening deficiencies. Moreover, sedentary habits, poor diets, and metabolic issues like obesity and insulin resistance create a vicious cycle that weakens bone health over time.
Experts agree that prevention lies in re-establishing the connection between nutrition, sunlight, and movement. Incorporating morning sunlight, regular weight-bearing exercise, and balanced meals rich in Vitamin D and protein are crucial. Periodic health screenings can also detect deficiencies early.
India’s real challenge isn’t the lack of nutrition but the loss of balance between traditional habits and modern living. Reclaiming that harmony by blending mindful eating, natural light, and active lifestyles may be the key to turning the nation’s milk paradox into a story of true strength.
Delhi, India, India
October 26, 2025, 10:05 IST
